Issue No. 1347- If one who is fasting commits an act to oneself that causes the discharging of semen, his fast is void; if semen is discharged involuntarily however, while sleeping or awake, his fast does not become void.null
Issue No. 1360- Allowing thick dust to reach one’s throat, if it is changed in to mud and goes down the throat, makes the fast void, irrespective of whether the dust is of something which is halal to eat, like flour, or of something which is haram to consume. As to inhalers for those suffering from asthma, since the medicine they give off is usually a light and thin gas, it will not render the fast void.
Issue No. 1365- A person who is fasting should not, as an obligatory precaution, immerse his entire head intentionally in water, even if the rest of the body remains out of water. But if the entire body and a part of the head are in water and the other part of the head remains out of water, it does not invalidate the fast. The same ruling applies to immersing the head in other liquids such as rose water and other mixed waters.
Issue No. 1426- If a person is in doubt whether it is maghrib or not, he cannot terminate his fast, although if one was to do so, he should offer both qaḍā as well as kaffāra. However, if he doubts whether it is fajr or not, he can perform the acts which invalidate fast, it is also not obligatory on him to investigate.
Issue No. 1433- If a person does not fast in the month of Ramadan due to illness and his illness continues till the next Ramadan, it is not obligatory on him to observe qaḍā of the fasts which he had not observed, but for each fast he should give one mudd (750 grams) of wheat, barley, etc., to an indigent person. However, if he did not observe fast owing to some other excuse, like travelling, and his excuse continued till the next Ramadan, the obligatory precaution is that he should observe the unperformed fasts after Ramadan and for each day he should give one mudd of food to an indigent person. The same ruling applies if a person did not observe fast due to illness and later his illness ended, but another excuse takes place, such as travelling.
Issue No. 1434- If a person does not fast in the month of Ramadan owing to some excuse, and he does not observe the qaḍā fasts intentionally till next Ramadan, he has to perform qaḍā of the fasts and should also give one mudd of food to an indigent person for each fast as kaffāra. Similarly, if a person comes short in performing qaḍā fasts till the time becomes short and during the shortage of time an excuse occurs, he has to perform qaḍā and one mudd of food to an indigent person for each day as kaffāra. However, if he did not come short in performing the qaḍā fasts, in case the time is short, an excuse occurs accidentally, he should perform qaḍā only.
Issue No. 1435- If the illness of a person continues for a number of years and when he recovers if there is time left for qaḍā till the coming month of Ramadan, he should perform only the qaḍā fasts of the last Ramadan, and for each day of the earlier years he should give one mudd of food to an indigent person.
Issue No. 1436- If a person delays performing qaḍā fasts of the month of Ramadan for some years, he should perform qaḍā and give one mudd of food to an indigent person for each day as kaffāra. However, the kaffāra does not multiply or increase by years passing.
Issue No. 1437- It is not necessary to give the kaffāra of each day to an indigent person, rather it is allowed to give the kaffāra of several days to one indigent person. In addition, it will be sufficient if one gives bread whose wheat is equal to one mudd, but he cannot give money instead of food unless he is sure that money will be spent for buying bread.
Issue No. 1454- A woman which is suckling a child; whether she is the mother or a wet nurse; If fasting causes reducing her milk and then causes harm or discomfort to the child, it will not be obligatory on her to observe fast but she should give one mudd of food for every fast to an indigent person, and she should also perform the qaḍā of the fasts later. However, if fasting is harmful to her own self, neither the fast nor the kaffāra will be obligatory on her. Nevertheless, she should later perform the fasts which she failed to observe as qaḍā.
Issue No.1811- The right to cancel a transaction is called "right of rescission". The seller and the buyer have the right of rescission in the following eleven cases: 1) The right of rescission in the seating of the transaction (khīyār al-majlis): While the parties to the transaction are not separated from the gathering in which the transaction was conducted they may cancel the transaction.2) The right of rescission due to cheating (khīyār al-ghabn): If either the seller or the buyer is cheated.3) Stipulation of the right of rescission (khīyār al-sharṭ): If it is agreed that up to a stipulated time, one or both the parties will be entitled to terminate the transaction.4) The right of rescission due to subreption (khīyār al-tadlīs): If either the seller or the buyer cheats and presents his commodity as better than it actually is. 5) The right of rescission due to the breach of contract (khīyār takhalluf al-sharṭ): when either the seller or the buyer stipulates that one would perform a certain job for the other party or to supply a commodity of a particular quality to the other and he violates the provision.6) The right of rescission due to defect (khīyār al-‘ayb): If one of the two commodities or both are defective, and it was not known before.7) The right of rescission due to the commodity being shared (khīyār taba‘uḍ al-ṣafqah): If it transpires that a quantity of the commodity which has been sold belongs to a third person in case the owner of that portion refuses consent for selling it, the buyer may terminate the transaction, or accept the transaction and ask the seller to refund the money of that part to him.8) The right of rescission due to seeing the commodity (khīyār al-ru’yah): If a specific commodity has not been seen by the other party and the owner of that commodity mentions its qualities, but it transpires later that the commodity is not as described, the buyer or may rescind the deal. The same ruling applies to the substitute of the commodity.9) The right of rescission due to deferment (khīyār al-ta’khīr): If the buyer does not pay for the commodity that he has bought by cash for three days, while the seller has not yet handed it over to him, the seller may cancel the transaction, unless the buyer had stipulated for deferred payment until a specific time. In case however, the commodity sold is perishable, like some fruits and vegetables, which would perish or deteriorate if left for one day, the seller can cancel the transaction if the buyer does not pay until night.10) The right of rescission in animal transaction (khīyār al-ḥayawān): When an animal is being sold, the buyer may terminate the transaction within three days.11) The right of rescission due to inability in delivering the commodity (khīyār ta‘adhur al-taslīm): If the seller is unable to deliver the commodity sold by him, the buyer may terminate the transaction.
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