Issue No.1765- If a person sells counterfeit commodity, like, oil mixed with paraffin, and specifies it, for example, he says: “I am selling this oil”, the customer can cancel the transaction whenever he notices it. However, if he does not specify it, but rather says that he is selling, for example, 3 kgs of oil, but at the time of delivering it, he delivers counterfeit commodity, the buyer can return the oil, and ask for a normal commodity.
Issue No. 1766- Usury is haraam, and it is of two kinds: 1 – usury in loan that will be explained, God willing, in the section dealing with loans, 2 – usury in transaction, and it means a quantity of a commodity sold by weight or measurement at a higher rate against the same commodity, like, selling 3 kgs of wheat for 3 1/2 kgs of wheat. In Islamic narrations, usury has been reproached a great deal; taking or giving usury is considered to be one of the major sins.
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Issue No.1767- If one of the two kinds of the same commodity is defective and the other one is faultless, or one of them is superior and the other one inferior, or their prices differ for some other reasons, and the seller gives, for example, ten kilos of superior or faultless wheat, and takes fifteen kilos of inferior or faulted wheat, even then it is usury and haram. Hence, if a person gives manufactured gold and takes a larger quantity of raw gold, or gives manufactured copper and gets more of broken copper, or gives high quality rice and takes more of a lower quality rice, this is then considered usury and haram. Similarly, if he takes a commodity that is different from the one he is selling in addition to the undesired thing being sold; such as selling ten kilos of superior wheat against ten kilos of undesired wheat plus five dollars cash in hand. This is considered as usury and haram. Rather, if he does not take anything in excess but attach a condition to the transaction that the buyer would perform some act for him, it is also usury and is haram.
Issue No.1767- If one of the two kinds of the same commodity is defective and the other one is faultless, or one of them is superior and the other one inferior, or their prices differ for some other reasons, and the seller gives, for example, ten kilos of superior or faultless wheat, and takes fifteen kilos of inferior or faulted wheat, even then it is usury and haram. Hence, if a person gives manufactured gold and takes a larger quantity of raw gold, or gives manufactured copper and gets more of broken copper, or gives high quality rice and takes more of a lower quality rice, this is then considered usury and haram. Similarly, if he takes a commodity that is different from the one he is selling in addition to the undesired thing being sold; such as selling ten kilos of superior wheat against ten kilos of undesired wheat plus five dollars cash in hand. This is considered as usury and haram. Rather, if he does not take anything in excess but attach a condition to the transaction that the buyer would perform some act for him, it is also usury and is haram.
Issue No.1768- If the person who is giving less quantity of a commodity, adds some other thing to it, for example, if he sells 10 kgs of wheat plus one metre fabrics for 15 kgs of wheat, there is no harm in it. Similarly, there is no problem if both the parties supplement the commodity with something else. However, usury tricks, in which there is no serious intention (and which commonly involves giving a loan and exchanging its interest which is a pretty big amount for a kilo of candy), are baseless and void and the extra amount is considered as usury.
Issue No.1769- Commodities which are not sold by weight and volume, but by numbers and by measuring in metres, like eggs, fabric, and most utensils, or by visualization like most animals, there is no harm if less numbers are sold for more.
Issue No.1770- The commodities which are sold by weight and volume in some cities, and in some other cities by counting, (like eggs which are sold, nowadays, in some areas by weight and in some others by counting) if they are sold in the city where they are sold by weight and volume and receives more for that, it is usury and haram, but there is no harm in the other city.
Issue No.1771- There is no objection in purchasing and selling, in any form, things which are not of the same sort of commodity, such as selling 10 kgs of rice for 15 kgs of wheat.
Issue No.1772- If the commodity which a person is selling and the one which he is taking for it, are originally made of one thing, the extra amount would be usury as an obligatory precaution such as when one sells ten kilos of cream for twenty kilos of cheese, milk or butter.
Issue No.1773- From the point of usury, barley and wheat are commodities of one and the same sort. Hence, one cannot exchange 10 kgs of wheat for 12 kgs of barley, and vice versa. Even if one buys 10 kgs of barley on the condition that he would give in exchange 10 kgs of wheat at the time of its harvest, it is also haram, because he has taken barley on the spot and will give wheat some time later, and this amounts to taking something in excess.
Issue No.1774- Usury is not haram in a few cases:1) A Muslim taking interest from a non-Muslim who is not under the safeguarding of Islam.2) Father and son taking interest from each other.3) Wife and husband taking interest from each other.
