Issue No. 1254- If one joins the congregation from the beginning of the prayer or when sūrah al-fātiḥa and the sūrah are being recited, but does not reach the rukū‘ and before he goes to rukū‘, the imam raises his head from rukū‘, the congregational prayer of that person will not be correct, unless he has a valid excuse.
Issue No. 1251- If a person, while the imam is in rukū‘, joins the congregational prayer and reaches the rukū‘ of the imam, his prayer will be in order, whether the imam has already uttered the dhikr of rukū‘ or not and it will be counted as his first rak‘at. However, if he [bends completely but] does not reach the imam in his rukū‘, he should continue the prayer with the intention of individual prayer and as an obligatory precaution, he should repeat the prayer. The same ruling applies if one doubts whether or not he has reached the imam’s rukū‘.
Issue No. 1255- If a person arrives for prayer when the imam is reciting the last tashahhud, and he wishes to obtain the spiritual reward of the congregational prayer, he should make the intention, utter takbīrat-ul-iḥrām, and then sit down and recite tashahhud with the imam. However, he should not utter salām and should wait until the imam completes the salām of the prayer. Then he should stand up and continue the prayer by reciting sūrah al-fātiḥa and the following sūrah. It will be counted as the first rak‘at of his prayer.
Issue No. 1256- If a person joins the congregation in the second rak‘at, he should recite qunūt and tashahhud with the imam, and the obligatory precaution is that when reciting tashahhud, he should crouch, meaning raise his knees and keep the fingers of his hands and the inner part of his feet on the ground. After the tashahhud he should stand up with the imam and recite sūrah al-fātiḥa and the other sūrah. However, if he does not have enough time for the following sūrah, he should complete sūrah al-fātiḥa and join the imam in rukū‘.
Issue No. 1258- If the imam is in the third or fourth rak‘at, and the follower knows that if he joins him and recites sūrah al-fātiḥa he will not be able to reach him in rukū‘, he should, as an obligatory precaution, wait until the imam goes to rukū‘ and then join the congregation.
Issue No. 1261- If the imam is standing, and the follower does not know in which rak‘at he is, he can join him, but he should recite sūrah al-fātiḥa and the following sūrah with the intention of proximity to Allah (swt) and his prayer will be in order, even though he may come to know later that the imam was in the third or fourth rak‘at or in the first or second rak‘at, provided that [in case of these two] it is either ẓuhr or ‘aṣr prayer in which the imam recites sūrah al-fātiḥa and the sūrah in low voice.
Issue No.1827- If two persons enter into a partnership, on the terms that each of them would purchase the commodity on his own credit, and each would be responsible for the payment of its price, but would share the commodity and its benefits, that partnership is not valid. However, there would be no objection if each of them makes the other one his agent, authorising that whatever one purchases on credit, the other will be a partner in, which means that he and his partner are responsible for the debt, in this case they will be considered partners in that commodity.
Issue No. 2317- It is permissible to endow an undivided property. That is, one can make one third of a house or a farm as waqf, and in case of necessity, a Mujtahid or his representative or the custodian can separate the endowed portion of the property in the light of the views of experts.
Issue No.9- If the Mujtahid does not give an explicit fatwā on an issue and says that as per precaution one should act in such and such a manner, this is called “obligatory precaution” (al-iḥtīyāṭ al-wājib). The follower (muqallid) in this case may either act on this precaution or refer to a Mujtahid at the same level of learnedness or a Mujtahid who is the most learned after the Mujtahid he follows. But if he has given an explicit fatwā, for example, he says the iqāmah is recommended, then he says that one should not d r o p it as a measure of precaution, this is called “recommended precaution” (al-iḥtīyāṭ al-mustaḥab). In such a case, the follower may either act on it or he may not. In cases where the Mujtahid says “It is a matter of contemplation” or “a matter of objection”, the follower can act on precaution or, he may refer to another Mujtahid. However, if he says “evidently, it is as such” or “most likely, it is as such” these expressions are regarded as a fatwā and the follower must act according to it.
Issue No. 2315- If a person endows something for some particular persons (for example for his descendants), so that every group should benefit from it after another group, and the custodian of that property leases out the property, and later dies, if the lease has been to safeguard the interest of the waqf and the future generations, the lease will not become void. But, if the waqf has no custodian, and the first generation leases it out, and they die during the currency of the lease, then, there is harm in the continuation of the lease in respect to the future without the permission of the next generation. And if the tenant has paid the rent for the entire period, what is in relation to the period after the death of the first generation will be taken and will be given to the next generation (provided that they give permission for the continuation of the lease).
Issue No.858- It is better for a person who is appointed to recite adhān to be just and know the exact timings, and his voice be appropriate and loud. And he should recite adhān from a high place; however, if he uses a loud speaker there is no problem for him to be at a low place.
Issue No. 1986- A personal surety can be pronounced in words in any language, for example, if the guarantor says to the creditor, “I guarantee to produce the debtor in person as and when demanded by you”, and the creditor also accepts it, or they do something that implies the above meaning, whether it is through signing a document or any other thing, the Kafalat (personal surety) will be in order.
