Issue No. 1464- If a person knows that fasting is harmful to him, he should not observe fast, and if he observes fast, it will be invalid. Similarly if a person is not sure, but he considers it strongly probable that fasting is harmful to him (irrespective of whether this probability was obtained from his personal experience or from a doctor’s advice), he should not observe fast.
Issue No. 1467- Fasting on the day that is not known to be the end of Sha’ban or the first of the month of Ramadan with the intention of the first day of the month of Ramadan is Haram and invalid; rather, one should have the intention of the last day of Sha’ban when observing fast on that day.
Issue No. 1469- It is makrūh to observe fast on Ashura, also on the day about which one doubts whether it is the day of ‘Arafah or Eid al-Adha and for a guest without the consent of the host.
Issue No. 1471- If a person observes a recommended fast, it is not obligatory on him to complete it, and he can terminate it at any time he wishes. In fact, if one of his brethren -in-faith invites him to a meal it is mustaḥab that he accepts the invitation and terminates the fast during the day.
Issue No. 1473- It is recommended that a person terminates his fast after offering maghrib and ‘ishā’ prayers. However, if he feels so hungry that he cannot offer the prayers with “presence of the heart” or if someone else is waiting for him, it is better that he terminates his fast first and offers the prayers afterwards. However, as much as possible, he should try to offer the prayers during their meritorious times [1].
Issue No. 1474- Khums is obligatory on seven things:1- Profit or income gained. 2- Minerals.3- Treasure4- Halal wealth mixed with haram.5- Gems obtained from the sea by diving.6- Spoils of war.7- A land which a dhimmī unbeliever (a non-Muslim living under the protection of Islamic Government) purchases from a Muslim (as an obligatory precaution).
Issue No. 1475- If a person earns by means of farming, trade, industry or working for an institute and if his income exceeds the annual expenses for maintaining himself, his family and all the ones that he is responsible for their maintenance, he should pay khums (i.e., one fifth) out of the surplus, in accordance with the rules which will be mentioned later.
Issue No. 1476- There is no difference between businesses and incomes. However, if a person borrows something (e.g., money) from another person, there is no khums due on it. Similarly, there is no khums on the property that one receives as inheritance, unless it is known that the dead person did not pay its due khums, or he owes khums for other properties and estates. In the case of the value of the inheritance increasing, khums should be paid on the surplus if the khums year has reached it.
Issue No. 1477- If one receives something as a gift and that property exceeds his own annual expenses, he should, as an obligatory precaution, pay its khums. Similarly, if a person inherits from a person who is a distant relative and he did not know about this kinship nor did he expect such an inheritance, the obligatory precaution here is that he should pay khums on the inherited property.
Issue No. 1477- If one receives something as a gift and that property exceeds his own annual expenses, he should, as an obligatory precaution, pay its khums. Similarly, if a person inherits from a person who is a distant relative and he did not know about this kinship nor did he expect such an inheritance, the obligatory precaution here is that he should pay khums on the inherited property.
Issue No. 1478- If a person endows some property to some particular persons, like his children, and if that property generates an income which exceeds their annual expenses, they should pay its khums.
Issue No. 1480- If a person purchases a commodity with money that is entitled to khums, the transaction will be invalid with respect to the amount of khums due, unless a Mujtahid or his representative gives permission for it. In this case, he should give one fifth of the purchased commodity to the Mujtahid or his representative.
