Issue No.1102- If a person forgetfully says “اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْکَ اَيُّهَا النَّبِىُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللّهِ وَ بَرَکاتُهُ”, sajdah al-sahw will be recommended and not obligatory upon him. But if he says a part of the other two salāms, the obligatory precaution is to perform sajdah al-sahw. If at a place where the salām should not be said, a person forgetfully says the three salāms, it will be sufficient to perform sajdah al-sahw.
Issue No.1105- Immediately after the salām of prayer, one should make the intention of performing sajdah al-sahw, and then go to sajdah and say:“بِسْمِ اللهِ و َبِاللهِ اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْکَ اَيُّهَا النَّبِىُّ وَ رَحْمَة ُاللهِ و َبَرَکاتُهُ”Then he should raise his head from sajdah and then perform another sajdah reciting the above-mentioned dhikr. After performing the second sajdah, one should sit and recite tashahhud and then say the salām of the prayer. The obligatory precaution is to recite only the obligatory phrases of tashahhud and recite the last salām only.
Issue No.1106- Sajdah al-sahw should be performed in the state of wuḍū while facing the qiblah with aṭāhir body and clothes, and one should place his forehead on an object on which sajdah is permissible.
Issue No.1116- If a person inadvertently adds or omits one of the foundational elements of prayer, his prayer becomes void; but if it is not among the foundational elements, his prayer is correct. In case, however, some conditions such as wuḍū or ghusl have not been fulfilled intentionally or inadvertently, the prayer will be void.
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Issue No.1119- A traveller should reduce the Rak'ats in Zuhr, Asr and Isha prayers, that is, he should perform two Rak'ats instead of four, subject to the following eight conditions:1) His journey is not less than 8 farskah (44 KMs approximately).2) The traveller should intend at the time of the commencement of the journey, to cover a distance of 8 farsakh.3) He should not change his mind while on his way.4) He does not pass through his home town, or stay, during his journey, at some place for 10 days or more.5) The journey should not be for a haraam purpose.6) The traveller should not be a nomad.7) Travelling should not be his profession.8) The traveller reaches the limit or point beyond which travelling begins.
Issue No.1121- If a person does not know whether his journey is eight farsakhs or not, he should not shorten his prayer. However, if he doubts the situation, he should enquire from people who are familiar with the path to his destination, in case it does not cause him much hardship.
Issue No.1122- A person can get the distance between two places in various ways: First, he himself has measured the distance and made sure about it. Second, it is well-known among the people. Third, a reliable person informs the traveller.
Issue No.1123- If a person, who is certain of the distance being eight farsakhs, shortens his prayer, and it transpires later that it was not so, his prayer is void and he should repeat his prayer and perform four rak‘ats, and if the time for the prayer has lapsed he should perform its qaḍā. However, if he is sure that the distance is not eight farsakhs but then realises on his way that it is eight farsakhs, he should shorten his prayer, and in case he already offered the prayer in fourrak‘ats, he should repeat the prayer.
Issue No.1124- If a person travels several times back and forth between two places which are less than four farsakhs apart, the prayer should not be shortened, even if the total distance covered by him may add up to eight farsakhs or more. However, if he is considered as a traveller by common understanding (‘urf), he should as an obligatory precaution offer both the complete prayer as well as the qaṣr (shortened) prayer.
Issue No.1125- If two roads lead to a place, and one of them is less than eight farsakhs, while the length of the other is eight farsakhs or more, the traveller should offer a shortened prayer if he travels on the road which is eight farsakhs or more, and should offer a complete prayer if he travels on the road which is less than eight farsakhs.
Issue No.1126- The beginning of eight farsakhs should be calculated from the last location of residence in the city [of departure].
