Issue No.659- If a person whose obligation is tayammum is sure or considers it probable that his excuse will continue until the end of the time prescribed for prayer, he can perform prayer with tayammum at the beginning of its time, but if he is sure that his excuse will cease to exist by the end of the time, he should wait, as an obligatory precaution.
Issue No.661- It is permissible for a person who cannot perform wuḍū or ghusl, to offer the mustaḥab prayers with tayammum. He can perform even the night prayer with tayammum, if the time is short.
Issue No.662- If a person performs tayammum on account of non-availability of water or because of another excuse, his tayammum will become void automatically as soon as water becomes available or the excuse is removed.
Issue No.667- The one whose obligation is to perform tayammum can perform all those acts which need to be done with wuḍū or ghusl by the same tayammum as long as his tayammum and the excuse remain, so it is permissible for him to touch the s c r i p t of the holy Quran, etc., even if he has performed tayammum due to shortage of prayer time.
Issue No.674- If a person forgetfully begins offering ‘aṣr prayer before ẓuhr prayer and during the prayer he realises that he has committed a mistake, if it is in the common time, he should change his intention to ẓuhr prayer, i.e., he should intend that what he has performed as well as what is he about to perform is of ẓuhr prayer, and after completing the prayer, he will offer the ‘aṣr prayer. However, if it occurs in the exclusive time of ẓuhr prayer, his prayer is void and he should start the prayer over again with the intention of ẓuhr.
Issue No.677- The exclusive time and common time explained in the previous issue are different for different people depending on their conditions. For example, for a traveller who is offering ẓuhr, ‘aṣr and ‘ishā’ prayers, the special time is the time sufficient for offering two rak‘ats and for one who is not a traveller, the special time is the time sufficient for offering four rak‘ats.
Issue No.678- If a person begins ‘ishā’ prayer by mistake before maghrib prayer and realises during the prayer that he has not offered maghrib prayer, he should turn his intention to maghrib prayer, unless he has entered the fourth rak‘at, in which case, it is not permitted to do so, and he should continue to complete the ‘ishā’ prayer and thereafter pray maghrib.
Issue No.679- The end of the time for ‘ishā’ prayer is “canonical midnight”, and as an obligatory precaution, the night should be calculated from the beginning of sunset until the fajr adhān. However, for Night prayer (recommended prayer of night), etc., it should be calculated from sunset until sunrise.
Issue No.683- Those who cannot be certain about the beginning of the time for prayer due to hindrances, like clouds or dust in the sky, one being in prison or due to blindness, they can offer the prayers when it is strongly probable that the time has set in.
Issue No.684- If a person based on one of the above-mentioned methods for discerning the prayer time begins offering the prayer, yet realises during the performance of the prayer that the time has not yet set in, his prayer is void. Also if he realises after the prayer that he has offered the entire prayer before time, he should offer the prayer again. However, if he realises, during or after the prayer, that the time had entered, his prayer will be in order.
Issue No.685- If a person is negligent or unmindful of the fact that he should commence offering prayer after he is certain that the time for it has set in, and if he realises after the prayer that he has offered the entire prayer in time, his prayer is in order. In case however, he realises that he has offered his entire prayer or part of it before time, his prayer is void.
Issue No.686- If a person doubts after he has offered prayer whether or not he has offered his prayer in time, his prayer is in order provided that, at the start of prayer he has not been unmindful of the time. If a person begins offering prayer and doubts while offering prayer whether or not the time has set in, his prayer is void and he should reoffer it after the time has set in.
