Issue No. 1307- The time of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers is from the sunrise of the Eid day until ẓuhr. However, it is mustaḥab that Eid al-Adha prayer is offered after the sun is high up in the sky. As for Eid al-Fitr prayer, it is mustaḥab that one should have breakfast after sunrise, pay zakāt of fiṭrah and then offer Eid prayer.
Issue No. 1310- It is mustaḥab to observe the following in Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers with the hope of gaining divine reward.1- To recite the prayer loudly.2- To recite two sermons after the prayer. There is no difference between the Eid sermons and the Friday prayer sermons, except that the two sermons in Friday prayer are delivered before the prayer while in Eid prayer, the two sermons are delivered after the prayer (the two sermons are delivered if the prayer is offered in congregation).3- No particular sūrah has been specified for Eid prayer. However, it is better that after reciting sūrah al-fātiḥa, sūrah al-A‘lā in the first rak‘at and sūrah al-Shams in the second rak‘ats be recited. 4- It is mustaḥabto eat some dates before prayer on the day of Eid al-Fitr, and it is mustaḥabto eat on the day of Eid al-Adha, after prayer, a little from the meat of the animal which has been slaughtered [as a sacrifice].5- It is mustaḥabto do ghusl before the prayer, and to recite the supplications which have been prescribed in the Du'a books before and after it. 6- It is mustaḥab that during Eid prayer, sajdahs be performed on earth and hands be raised while saying takbīrs.7- It is mustaḥabthat the following takbīrs be said on Eid al-Fitr night (i.e., the night preceding Eid day), after maghrib and ‘ishā’ prayers, and on Eid day after fajr, ẓuhr and ‘aṣr prayers, as well as after Eid al-Fitr prayer: “اَللّهُ اَکْبَرُ، اَللّهُ اَکْبَرُ، لا إلهَ إلاّ اللّهُ وَ اَللّهُ اَکْبَرُ، اللّهُ اَکْبَرُ وَ لِلّهِ الْحَمْدُ”8- In Eid al-Adha, the above-mentioned takbīrs should be said after ten prayers, of which the first is the ẓuhr prayer of Eid day and the last is the fajr prayer of the twelfth of Dhul-Hijjah. After the above-mentioned takbīrs, the following supplication should be recited: “اَللّهُ اَکْبَرُ عَلى ما رَزَقَنا مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الاْنْعامِ وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلّهِ عَلى ما اَبْلانَا”.If a person happens to be in Mina on the day of Eid al-Adha, he should say these takbīrs after fifteen prayers, the first of which is the ẓuhr prayer of Eid day, and the last is the fajr prayer of the thirteenth of Dhul-Hijjah.9- To perform the Eid prayer in open fields and not under a roof.
Issue No. 1309- Any Du‘ā will suffice in qunūt. However, it is better that the following Du'ā is recited with the intention of gaining divine reward:“اَللّهُمَّ اَهْلَ الْکِبْرِياءِ وَ الْعَظِمَة وَ اَهْلَ الْجُودِ وَ الْجَبَرُوتِ وَ اَهْلَ الْعَفْوِ وَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ اَهْلَ التَّقْوى وَ الْمَغْفِرَةِ اَسْئَلُکَ بِحَقِّ هذَا الْيَوْمِ الَّذِى جَعَلْتَهُ لِلْمُسْلِمينَ عيداً وَ لِمحَمَّد صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ذُخْراً وَ شَرَفاً وَ کِرامَةً وَ مَزيداً اَنْ تُصَلِّىَ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد وَ اَنْ تُدْخِلَنِى فى کُلِّ خَيْر اَدْخَلْتَ فيهِ مُحَمَّداً وَ آلَ مُحَمَّد وَ اَنْ تُخْرِجَني مِنْ کُلِّ سُوء اَخْرَجْتَ مِنْهُ مُحَمَّداً وَ آلَ مُحَمَّد صَلَواتُکَ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَيْهِمْ اَللّهُمَّ اِنّى اَسْئَلُکَ خَيْرَ ما سَئَلَکَ بِهِ عِبادُکَ الصّالِحُونَ وَ اَعُوذُ بِکَ مِمّا اسْتَعاذَ مِنْهُ عِبادُکَ الْمـُخْلَصُونَ”
Issue No. 1312- If a person goes to rukū‘ and remembers that he has forgotten the recitation of al-fātiḥa and the sūrah or takbīrs or qunūts, his prayers is correct.
Issue No. 1313- If a person forgets one sajdah or tashahhud in Eid prayer, the obligatory precaution is that he should perform it after the prayer. Similarly, if something takes place in the Eid prayer that if had happened in daily prayers, would entail sajdah al-sahw, the obligatory precaution is that he should perform sajdah al-sahw after the prayer.
Issue No. 1314- It is obligatory upon all those who are mature [1] to observe fast every year in the holy month of Ramadan as will be explained in the coming issues.
Issue No. 1316- Fasting is one of the acts of worship; therefore, it is necessary to make an intention for fasting. When making an intention to fast, it is not necessary for a person to pass the intention for fasting through his mind or say it verbally. Rather, it is sufficient to determine that he will not perform any fast invalidators, from the time of fajr adhān up to maghrib, obeying the commands of Allah (swt).
Issue No. 1317- In order to ensure that he has been fasting throughout this time, he should, as an obligatory precaution, begin abstaining a little earlier than fajr adhān, and continue to refrain for a little after maghrib, from acts which invalidate fast.
Issue No. 1319- There is no specific time for making an intention. In fact, if one makes an intention at any time before fajr adhān, it would be sufficient. Therefore if he is asked while having suḥūr [1] "what are you doing" he would reply "I am going to fast" it would be sufficient.
Issue No. 1321- If in the month of Ramadan, one forgets to make the intention of fast, the fast is correct provided that he makes the intention immediately when he remembers before ẓuhr adhān and he has not done any act that invalidates the fast. However, if he makes the intention in the afternoon, it will not be correct.
Issue No. 1322- It is necessary to specify when one wants to fast in other than the month of Ramadan. For example, he should specify it as a qaḍā fast or a fast to fulfil a vow (nadhr). But in the holy month of Ramadan it would be sufficient if he intends to fast the following day. Rather if he does not know that it is Ramadan or he knows but he has forgotten it and he makes the intention of another fast, it will be counted as the fast of the month of Ramadan. However, if he knows that it is the month of Ramadan, yet he intentionally makes the intention of fasting other than the fast of the month of Ramadan, his fast will not be considered as the fast of the month of Ramadan, nor will it be counted as the fast for which he had made intention.
Issue No. 1323- It is not necessary to specify that one is going to observe the fast of the first or second day of the month and so on. Even if he specifies a day, for example, if he says “I am observing the fast of the second day of Ramadan” and understands later that it was the third day of the month, his fast is correct.
