The Creed of Compassion-Islamic Teachings & Answering Doctrinal Misconceptions

Issue No.9- If the Mujtahid does not give an explicit fatwā on an issue and says that as per precaution one should act in such and such a manner, this is called “obligatory precaution” (al-iḥtīyāṭ al-wājib). The follower (muqallid) in this case may either act on this precaution or refer to a Mujtahid at the same level of learnedness or a Mujtahid who is the most learned after the Mujtahid he follows. But if he has given an explicit fatwā, for example, he says the iqāmah is recommended, then he says that one should not d r o p it as a measure of precaution, this is called “recommended precaution” (al-iḥtīyāṭ al-mustaḥab). In such a case, the follower may either act on it or he may not. In cases where the Mujtahid says “It is a matter of contemplation” or “a matter of objection”, the follower can act on precaution or, he may refer to another Mujtahid. However, if he says “evidently, it is as such” or “most likely, it is as such” these expressions are regarded as a fatwā and the follower must act according to it.

Issue No.32- If a najis thing contacts less than kurr water, it makes it najis (as an obligatory precaution). However, if it is poured over a najis object, only that part which contacts the najis thing will become najis. If less than kurr water is shot up, like in fountains, and contacts a najis object, the lower part will not become najis.

Issue No.33- If an object that has become najis is washed with less than kurr water which is ṭāhir, it becomes ṭāhir (under the circumstances that will be explained later). However, the water that separates from it – called ghusālah– is najis; the one exception being the water with which the outlets of urine and faeces are washed, provided that the following five conditions are met: 1) It does not take on the smell, colour or taste of the najāsah. 2) No najāsah has reached it from outside. 3) It is not accompanied by any other najāsah like blood or urine.4) As an obligatory precaution, particles of faeces do not appear in the water. 5) More than usual najāsah has not spread around the outlet. It should be noted that the ṭahārah of water in these circumstances means that if it comes into contact with one’s body or clothes, it is not necessary to rinse it, yet it cannot be used for other purposes in the same way as other ṭāhir water is used.

Issue No.35- Even if it is less than kurr, flowing water does not become najis upon contact with any najāsah, unless its smell, colour or taste changes due to that najāsah.

Issue No.43- If rain falls on an original najāsah and ricochets elsewhere, it is necessary as an obligatory precaution to avoid it.

Issue No.51- If the quantity of the water which is pumped out from deep, semi-deep or ordinary wells amounts to kurr, it can make najis objects ṭāhir, but if it is less than kurr, as long as the water is flowing continuously, it will be treated as well water and if it comes in contact with a najāsah, it will not become najis.

Issue No.52- If an original najāsah falls into well water, causing its smell, colour or taste to change, and later this change vanishes by itself, the well water will not become ṭāhir, unless fresh water springs from it and mixes with it.

Issue No.53- Mixed water (which was defined at the beginning of this chapter) like rosewater, fruit juice, etc., does not make any najis thing ṭāhir, and wuḍū and ghusl with it will not be valid either.

Issue No.53- Mixed water (which was defined at the beginning of this chapter) like rosewater, fruit juice, etc., does not make any najis thing ṭāhir, and wuḍū and ghusl with it will not be valid either.

Issue No.54- If mixed water comes in to contact with a najis thing, it will become najis, except in three cases:1) When it falls on a najis thing from above; for example, if rosewater is poured on a najis hand from a sprinkler, the rosewater in the sprinkler does not become najis.2) When it goes upward with force, like in a fountain; in this case, only the part which touches the najāsah will become najis.3) When the quantity of the mixed water is so much that it is said that najāsah has not reached it. For example, if there is a large pool of mixed water, and a najis thing falls in a corner of it, or if a najis thing comes in to contact with one end of a very long oil pipe, in such cases the rest will not become najis.

Issue No.55- When najis mixed water is mixed with kurr or flowing water in a manner that it can no longer be called mixed water, it becomes ṭāhir.

Issue No.61- The half-consumed water of najis animals like the dog and pig is najis. However, the half-consumed of animals whose meat is haram, like the cat and wild animals, is ṭāhir, though it is makrūh (disliked) to consume.