جامع المسائل، مرکز پاسخگویی به احکام شرعی و مسائل فقهی

If the same illness led to his death and he was not able to perform the qaḍā of his prayers and fasts then there is no need to perform  their qaḍā. However, if he regained his health and was able to perform them but he did not, it is obligatory on his elder son to make up for them. But those that he had performed incorrectly although it is not obligatory for his elder son but he had better perform their qaḍā.‌  ‌

In that case, they can perform their prayers in any direction.

They can perform the prayers simultaneously.

The itinerant distance is the criterion for the calculation of distance in religious issues. The reason for this ruling is that what could generally be understood from traditional proofs (ḥadīths) is the itinerant distance which is calculated based on the normal way traversed by people. This is particularly emphasized because usually the direct way between two locations is shorter than the normal itinerant distance between them that people usually wend. Therefore if the direct way were the criterion for calculating distance in religious issues then it should have been explicitly mentioned in narrations.‌

It is well-known that wearing black clothing for prayer is makrūh and the reason behind it applies to both men and women; but cloak is an exception and it is likely that black Chador is also an exception.

Under the mentioned condition, which is a necessary condition, there is no issue with this kind of purification.

You do not need to pay khums under these conditions.‌

There is no issue with this.

It is necessary for women to cover all of the body except the face, the hands up to the wrist and the feet up to the instep. Further, a woman’s body must be covered from all four sides during prayer and if ornaments are worn over the clothing they can be kept during prayers.

There is no issue with this if the bag is carried with them. Furthermore, if the body is contaminated they should wash it if it is not too difficult for them, and if it is too difficult for them to wash their body, they can perform their prayer in whatever state they are in.

Whenever it is done in order to uphold the sacred Islamic rites it is preferable.

According to the Islamic law, in order to be properly covered, women must cover all of the body except the face and hands. Furthermore, some coverings, such as wigs, that are worn as ornaments are not enough. Similarly, clothes that are considered to be ornamental clothes are not enough. Proper cover for men, on the other hand, includes clothes that cover those parts of the body that are commonly covered by Muslims. Therefore covering the head, the hands, and arms (in short-sleeve shirts) and the like is not obligatory for men.