He/She should recite them in a low voice.
If it is not too difficult for them, they need to perform their prayers in standing position, even though they do it by using a cane and the like. However, if it causes them much difficulty and discomfort, they can perform their prayers in a sitting position.
According to some traditions, this phrase has been recited as a part of the call to prayer since the age of the Infallible Imams (‘a) but it was not widely recited in that era. Later on it became the motto of the Shiʻa school (for more information, refer to the valuable book of “al-Mustamsak”, chapter on adhān and iqāmah).
It is better to recite tashahhud or other dhikrs while in tajāfi posture.
None of them is necessary and the verbal declaration of the intention is not permissible as an obligatory precaution.
You do not need to pay khums under these conditions.
It is necessary for women to cover all of the body except the face, the hands up to the wrist and the feet up to the instep. Further, a woman’s body must be covered from all four sides during prayer and if ornaments are worn over the clothing they can be kept during prayers.
If a person wants to stay 10 days or more in a place, in this case prayers should be performed complete and the person must fast. And if this person wants to stay less than 10 days then prayers should be performed shortened and the person cannot fast. The beginning of 10 days is from the moment of entering the destination, for example from noon of the first day of arrival until noon of the next day is considered as one day.
If the same illness led to his death and he was not able to perform the qaḍā of his prayers and fasts then there is no need to perform their qaḍā. However, if he regained his health and was able to perform them but he did not, it is obligatory on his elder son to make up for them. But those that he had performed incorrectly although it is not obligatory for his elder son but he had better perform their qaḍā.
You should perform the sign prayer for each earthquake that is felt, but if it repeats during the prayer then that prayer will suffice. If repeating the Sign prayer causes considerable hardship for you, then you can perform it as much as is convenient for you.
Whenever it is done in order to uphold the sacred Islamic rites it is preferable.
The itinerant distance is the criterion for the calculation of distance in religious issues. The reason for this ruling is that what could generally be understood from traditional proofs (ḥadīths) is the itinerant distance which is calculated based on the normal way traversed by people. This is particularly emphasized because usually the direct way between two locations is shorter than the normal itinerant distance between them that people usually wend. Therefore if the direct way were the criterion for calculating distance in religious issues then it should have been explicitly mentioned in narrations.
